Cannabis: The Hemp Plant :: Botany

Cannabis: The Hemp Plant Probably one of the oldest plants known to man, Cannabis was cultivated for fiber, food, and medicine thousands of years before it became the "superstar" of the drug culture (Schultes, 1973). Cannabis, as it turns out, not only has many usage's, but has been employed in various ways by different cultures. Linnaeus first classified Cannabis sativa in 1753 as a monotypic species (i.e., one of its kind with respect to its genus). Now, however, this question with regard to the lack of diversity of the genus has come under fire. Richard Evan Schultes proposed a polytypic classification in 1974. Many questions still remain about Cannabis. Is there one species of Cannabis or are there several or more? Many scientists have argued that the genus is monotypic. Indeed, even the Federal government and at least a dozen states have enacted marihuana laws that are based upon the assumption that the genus consists of only a single species, C. sativa. Others, on the other hand, believe the genus is comprised of many species. For example, Russian students in the 1920's and 1930's claimed that there were at least a dozen species of Cannabis. At the time, the Russian views were not widely accepted. However, in the late 1960's scientists began to accept the idea that there were more than one species, and more investigations were initiated. Looking back, the polytypic concept of Cannabis dates to 1783 when Lamarck published an account of Cannabis indica in his Encyclopedia, (Volume 1), and fully contrasted it with the account of C. sativa (Emboden, 1974). Many species have been proposed or claimed over the years, but have been later found to be identical to existing plants. The three species now widely accepted are C. sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis. Cannabis sativa is very tall, loosely branched, and the branches are remotely positioned from one another. On the other hand, C. indica is low-growing and densely branched, with more compact branches and with a tendency to be more conical or pyramidal in habit. Compared to other plants, C. ruderalis is small and slightly branched. However, the cannabolic content is highest in C. indica (Schultes, 1975). Cannabis plants are comprised of both staminate and pistillate plants. The female produces large amounts of seed, and the male produces pollen. The staminate plants generally are shorter in height than the pistillate. The differences between these two necessitates two periods of harvesting.

Position paper: Should internationalism be embraced? Essay

The source presented talks about the Canadian government’s upcoming actions as it deals with the country’s economic affairs. It can be inferred that the author feels that economic prosperity is the most important sign of progress and a good quality of life for Canadians, as jobs and economic growth can lead to â€Å"long-term prosperity† that will benefit every citizen of the country. An example of this envisioned economic prosperity is the Harper government’s economic action plan, which seeks to supply more jobs in order to prolong and strengthen Canada’s performance economically. By saying that costs must be reduced or eliminated in international affairs, it can be assumed that the author favours nationalism over internationalism. The speaker’s stance can then be assumed that he or she would most prefer to have their country reap the most benefits through the improvement of economic budgeting, over being a world citizen who cares more for the welfare of the world as a whole, and can be inferred that their position supports unilateralism, wherein a country’s decisions are made by themselves, without international influence. An example of favouring nationalism over internationalism is the recent backing out of Canada from its military participation in Afghanistan, due to its expensive costs. This example shows the challenge between balancing both nationalism and internationalism, as Canada’s purpose of providing military aid to Afghanistan shows that the country seeks to be of help during international crises, but then its withdrawal shows that as much as Canada seeks to aid Afghanistan, it has to prioritize its own welfare first in order to keep giving help. The speaker’s sentiment in the last sentence shows exactly that the programs and benefits must be beneficial to Canadians, not in international affairs where they feel that giving our resources only hinders Canada’s path to economic prosperity. Some would agree with the source, as Canada’s welfare must always be prioritized over that of international issues, because they feel that providing aid and resources to other countries would only hinder our progress for prosperity. Others, however, feel that while Canada’s well-being as a country is essential, it is also important to take part in international affairs as a means of economic  progress, humanitarian aid, and having an influence over the decisions that are being made in international affairs. With these in mind, it is best to agree with the perspective that Canada should also take part in international affairs, as it benefits other countries as well as our own, taking into account that our internati onalistic participation can have an influence in preventing conflict around the world, and that economic progress can be achieved through internationalistic participation. Canada’s reputation as a supporter of humanitarian actions has been established through its constant participation of giving aid and resources for those in need. This reputation is evident during the country’s active involvement in providing help during major natural disasters, such as the earthquake in Japan on 2010, and the Typhoon Hayan that occurred in the Philippines. Due to these humanitarian actions, Canada has donated millions in order to aid countries as they reestablish themselves after these calamities. It can be assumed that these actions would not be supported by the speaker of the source, as it does not â€Å"directly affect Canadians† in an economically positive manner. However, one has to take in mind that these countries that have been hit by unfortunate calamities may have caused major economic losses, the destruction of their environment, and the loss of millions of lives. What if Canada were to experience such a calamity? One may argue that these countries are economically lower than Canada, allowing us to be able to support and rebuild ourselves. However, one has to take in mind that if we ever experience the destructive losses that these countries have suffered, help would most likely be given by the countries that we have aided during their adversities, as a sign of gratitude for what we have done for people â€Å"thousands of kilometers away†. Another known reputation of Canada is its active participation in peacekeeping operations that ensure to resolve a conflict between two parties. This was clearly evident when Canada seeked to impose the involvement of military troops during peacekeeping operations, which was implemented through the United Nations. This change in the ways that peacekeeping operations were done greatly improved the UN’s strength in ensuring a successful reconciliation between parties, a critical factor that  was skimped on during the establishment of the League of Nations. This was put into action during the suez crisis, as both parties were reconciliated successfully. Canada’s involvement in military operations and international organizations not only provides military help, but also shapes critical decisions that may affect the rest of the world, such as Canada and other nations such as the United States putting pressure on Russia’s Vladimir Putin for their disagreement with Pu tin sending military troops to Crimea. Despite the failure of Canada to drastically affect Putin and Russia’s decisions, the international pressure that was applied may have been critical in preventing further conflicts from happening. These acts of peacekeeping argue against the source’s perspective, Finally, Canada’s participation in International Organizations benefit the country in more ways than one, particularly that of economic progress. The country’s participation in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) seeks to eliminate trade barriers and tariffs, proving that this international participation benefits Canada economically. Adding on to Canada’s benefits of participating in international organizations is our participation in the United Nations and humanitarian involvements, that fosters Canadian pride. Some would agree with the source, as Canada’s welfare must always be prioritized over that of international issues, because they feel that providing aid and resources to other countries would only hinder our progress for prosperity. Others, however, feel that while Canada’s well-being as a country is essential, it is also important to take part in international affairs as a means of economic progress, humanitarian aid, and having an influence over the decisions that are being made in international affairs. With these in mind, it is best to agree with the perspective that Canada should also take part in international affairs, as it benefits other countries as well as our own, taking into account that our internationalistic participation can have an influence in preventing conflict around the world, and that economic progress can be achieved through internationalistic participation.

Great Expectations and a Christmas Carol a True Gentleman...

Great Expectations and A Christmas Carol: A True Gentleman According to Dictionary.com, a gentleman is a civilized, educated, sensitive, or well-mannered man. However, by Victorian definition, a gentleman was, perhaps most importantly, a rich man. â€Å"Charles Dickens†¦was an author of relatively humble origins who desired passionately to be recognized as a gentleman, and insisted, in consequence, upon the essential dignity of his occupation† (Victorian Web). In Great Expectations he portrays Pip, a poor boy turned rich through expectations, who must learn what true dignity is. A Christmas Carol, too, reveals Scrooge’s distortion of the gentlemanly role and the dire need to understand genuine goodness. In both Great Expectations and A†¦show more content†¦Charles’ father is a perfect example of this shift in power, more to the rich and less to the poor. â€Å"One of the important perceptions of Dickens’ fiction is of Victorian society as on e in which the weak support the strong, the starving underwrite the satiated, the poor prop up the rich, the children sustain the parents- and the female holds up the male† (Houston 13). Dickens was leading a kind of social revolution, trying to reenergize the presence of the working class not only in politics, but in society as well. Pip in Great Expectations is a warrior used to fight in this social clash, showing that the true gentleman is not rich with money, but rich with satisfaction and happiness. Dickens is trying to show that when Pip is thrown into his expectations and becomes a â€Å"gentleman† he is not a gentleman at all, it is only by the end of the novel when the true gentleman is shown through Pip. Like the three ghosts of Christmas in A Christmas Carol, Pip, too, has three role models who aid him in his transformation into a gentleman. The first of these role models is Biddy, who had an early influence on Pip and helped to teach him in his early age. Sh e aided Pip’s sister after she was attack and although Pip never found Biddy overwhelmingly attractive, especially afterShow MoreRelatedCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the great empathy with which he regarded the poor people of his time. His name was Charles Dickens. 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